Generalized Visual Language Models
Processing images to generate text, such as image captioning and visual question-answering, has been studied for years. Traditionally such systems rely on an object detection network…
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Learning with not Enough Data Part 3: Data Generation
Here comes the Part 3 on learning with not enough data (Previous: Part 1 and Part 2). Let’s consider two approaches for generating synthetic data for…
Applying massive language models in the real world with Cohere
A little less than a year ago, I joined the awesome Cohere team. The company trains massive language models (both GPT-like and BERT-like) and offers them…
Learning with not Enough Data Part 2: Active Learning
This is part 2 of what to do when facing a limited amount of labeled data for supervised learning tasks. This time we will get some…
The Illustrated Retrieval Transformer
Discussion: Discussion Thread for comments, corrections, or any feedback. Translations: Korean, Russian Summary: The latest batch of language models can be much smaller yet achieve GPT-3…
Learning with not Enough Data Part 1: Semi-Supervised Learning
When facing a limited amount of labeled data for supervised learning tasks, four approaches are commonly discussed.
How to Train Really Large Models on Many GPUs?
[Updated on 2022-03-13: add expert choice routing.] [Updated on 2022-06-10]: Greg and I wrote a shorted and upgraded version of this post, published on OpenAI Blog:…
What are Diffusion Models?
[Updated on 2021-09-19: Highly recommend this blog post on score-based generative modeling by Yang Song (author of several key papers in the references)]. [Updated on 2022-08-27:…
Contrastive Representation Learning
The goal of contrastive representation learning is to learn such an embedding space in which similar sample pairs stay close to each other while dissimilar ones…
Explainable AI Cheat Sheet
Introducing the Explainable AI Cheat Sheet, your high-level guide to the set of tools and methods that helps humans understand AI/ML models and their predictions. I…
Reducing Toxicity in Language Models
Large pretrained language models are trained over a sizable collection of online data. They unavoidably acquire certain toxic behavior and biases from the Internet. Pretrained language…
Finding the Words to Say: Hidden State Visualizations for Language Models
By visualizing the hidden state between a model's layers, we can get some clues as to the model's "thought process". Figure: Finding the words to say…
Controllable Neural Text Generation
[Updated on 2021-02-01: Updated to version 2.0 with several work added and many typos fixed.] [Updated on 2021-05-26: Add P-tuning and Prompt Tuning in the “prompt…
Interfaces for Explaining Transformer Language Models
Interfaces for exploring transformer language models by looking at input saliency and neuron activation. Explorable #1: Input saliency of a list of countries generated by a…
How to Build an Open-Domain Question Answering System?
[Updated on 2020-11-12: add an example on closed-book factual QA using OpenAI API (beta). A model that can answer any question with regard to factual knowledge…
Neural Architecture Search
Although most popular and successful model architectures are designed by human experts, it doesn’t mean we have explored the entire network architecture space and settled down…
How GPT3 Works – Visualizations and Animations
Discussions: Hacker News (397 points, 97 comments), Reddit r/MachineLearning (247 points, 27 comments) Translations: German, Korean, Chinese (Simplified), Russian, Turkish The tech world is abuzz with…
Exploration Strategies in Deep Reinforcement Learning
[Updated on 2020-06-17: Add “exploration via disagreement” in the “Forward Dynamics” section. Exploitation versus exploration is a critical topic in Reinforcement Learning. We’d like the RL…
The Transformer Family
[Updated on 2023-01-27: After almost three years, I did a big refactoring update of this post to incorporate a bunch of new Transformer models since 2020.…
Curriculum for Reinforcement Learning
[Updated on 2020-02-03: mentioning PCG in the “Task-Specific Curriculum” section. [Updated on 2020-02-04: Add a new “curriculum through distillation” section.