arXiv stat.ML
· Papers
Causal Inference with the Napkin Graph
arXiv:2512.19861v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unmeasured confounding can render identification strategies based on adjustment functionals invalid. We study the "Napkin" graph, a causal structure that encapsulates features of M-bias, instrumental variables, and classical back-door and front-door settings, ye