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arXiv cs.NE · Papers

Evolution Strategies at Scale: LLM Fine-Tuning Beyond Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2509.24372v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks is an essential stage of modern AI deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as the dominant fine-tuning paradigm, underpinning many state-of-the-art LLMs. In contrast, evolution strategies