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Apple ML Research · Cloud & Big Tech

Nine Judges, Two Effective Votes: Correlated Errors Undermine LLM Evaluation Panels

LLM-as-a-judge panels aggregate votes from multiple models, with the expectation that diverse models yield more reliable evaluations. We develop a framework to measure the true informational value of such panels and quantify how far their reliability falls short of the independent-voting ideal. Testing a panel of 9 fro