A Reverse-BSDE Diffusion Sampler
arXiv:2505.06800v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion-based generative models have renewed interest in stochastic differential equation methods for sampling from complex distributions. We study a setting in…
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Learning Latent Memory States from Longitudinal Athlete Monitoring Data
arXiv:2608.06290v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose a new unit of analysis for longitudinal data: the Latent Memory Table. The scientific contribution is not the encoder.…
The Loss Does Not See the Basis, but Adam Does
arXiv:2608.05136v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gradient descent on a factored model $W = UV^top$ is implicitly biased toward low-rank solutions, while Adam, starting from the same…
An adaptive split-combine Gaussian mixture filter for nonlinear and multimodal state estimation
arXiv:2608.04430v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Filtering combines model predictions with measurements to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of a system state over time. The PDF…
FlowAdam: Implicit Regularization via Geometry-Aware Soft Momentum Injection
arXiv:2604.06652v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Adaptive moment methods such as Adam use a diagonal, coordinate-wise preconditioner based on exponential moving averages of squared gradients. This diagonal…
Online Reasoning Calibration: Test-Time Training Enables Generalizable Conformal LLM Reasoning
arXiv:2604.01170v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While test-time scaling has enabled large language models to solve highly difficult tasks, state-of-the-art results come at exorbitant compute costs. These…
Scalable estimation of VARMA models
arXiv:2608.06340v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vector autoregressive moving-average (VARMA) models have long been considered impractical beyond moderate dimensions: the likelihood is non-convex, the parametrization is identified…
Transformers with RL or SFT Provably Learn Sparse Boolean Functions, But Differently
arXiv:2511.17852v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Transformers can acquire Chain-of-Thought (CoT) capabilities to solve reasoning tasks via fine-tuning. Reinforcement learning (RL) and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) are two…
Deep Generalised Mixed Models: a Novel Neural Network Structure for Analysing Hierarchical Data
arXiv:2608.05930v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The experience sampling method (ESM) is a longitudinal research design where participants report their thoughts, emotional states and behaviours multiple times…
Handling Missing Data in Probabilistic Regression Trees
arXiv:2608.06195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Probabilistic Regression Trees (PRTrees) are a smooth and consistent alternative to classical regression trees, producing continuous predictions through probabilistic split assignments.…
Beyond Marginal Validity: Finite-Sample Guarantees for Localized Conformal Prediction
arXiv:2608.06206v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conformal prediction endows arbitrary black-box predictors with finite-sample, distribution-free marginal coverage, yet marginal validity can hide severe covariate-specific miscalibration, while exact…
Stochastic Dynamics on Persistence Diagram Space via Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2608.06276v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Persistence diagrams (PDs) provide stable and interpretable summaries of multiscale topological structure. While substantial progress has been made in the statistical…
Fast Rates for Inverse Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2605.14599v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We establish novel structural and statistical results for entropy-regularized min-max inverse reinforcement learning (Min-Max-IRL) in finite-horizon MDPs with Borel state and…
Optimal Rates for Learning with Monotone Adversaries
arXiv:2608.06337v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A monotone adversary observes an i.i.d. labeled sample and appends a finite number of further examples of its choice, every one…
Latent Utility Q-Learning for Preference-Adaptive Dynamic Treatment Regimes
arXiv:2307.12022v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Optimizing individualized treatment sequences for patients who weigh multiple, competing outcomes differently poses a challenge for dynamic treatment regime (DTR) methods,…
A Unified Causal Inference Framework for the Desirability of Outcome Ranking Paradigm in Benefit-Risk Evaluation
arXiv:2608.05244v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We developed a unified covariate-adjusted causal inference framework for estimating the desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) probability for benefit-risk evaluation in…
Perfect reconstruction of sparse signals using nonconvexity control and one-step RSB message passing
arXiv:2512.17426v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider sparse signal reconstruction via minimization of the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty, and develop one-step replica-symmetry-breaking (1RSB) extensions…
MoCA: Multi-modal Cross-masked Autoencoder for Time Series in Digital Health
arXiv:2506.02260v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Wearable devices enable continuous multi-modal physiological and behavioral monitoring, yet analysis of these data streams faces fundamental challenges including the lack…
Worst-Case Distance-Aware Error Bounds for Neural Networks
arXiv:2510.22021v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Safety-critical applications of machine learning require uncertainty estimates that support reliable worst-case analysis. Neural networks (NNs) provide expressive function approximation, while…
Transitional Conditional Independence
arXiv:2104.11547v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Statistical models contain variables that are not random: parameters, treatments, environments, design points. Ordinary conditional independence cannot express relations involving such…
A Special Point Skeleton Reconstruction Algorithm for Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization
arXiv:2608.06096v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: To address the issue that existing dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms mainly rely on individual migration or independent special point sampling after…
Guiding Large Language Models with Genetic Programming-Evolved Heuristic Knowledge for Dynamic Multi-Mode Project Scheduling
arXiv:2607.27698v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In dynamic multi-mode project scheduling, activities have alternative execution modes and uncertain durations, while precedence relations and limited resources constrain their…
Quality Diversity for Reliable Data Driven Time-Use Optimization
arXiv:2608.05230v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The daily allocation of the finite 24-hour time budget is strongly associated with physical, mental, and cognitive health. While predictive models…
Effective pruning of task-trained recurrent neural networks using noisy fluctuations and connection rescaling
arXiv:2608.05464v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The pruning of network connections is key to brain function but, despite its importance, there exist few biologically-plausible pruning rules with…